Dental OSCE (Objective Structured Clinical Examination) Practice Exam

What is an expected complication if a periapical cyst is not treated appropriately?

1. Systemic infection

2. Pain and swelling

3. Bone loss

4. All of the above

The correct answer is: All of the above

When a periapical cyst is not treated appropriately, several complications can arise, all of which significantly affect the patient's oral and overall health. The presence of a periapical cyst, which forms at the apex of a non-vital tooth, can lead to localized infection and inflammation. If the cyst is left untreated, it can cause pain and swelling as the body's immune response attempts to combat the infection. This inflammation can lead to discomfort and a noticeable increase in the size of the cyst. Additionally, untreated periapical cysts can promote bone loss surrounding the affected tooth. The cyst may progressively erode the alveolar bone, resulting in a compromised dental structure and potential tooth mobility or loss. Lastly, the progression of a periapical cyst can lead to systemic complications. If bacteria from the cyst spread into the bloodstream, this could potentially trigger a systemic infection, which poses further health risks beyond the local site. Therefore, all of these complications—systemic infection, pain and swelling, and bone loss—are interconnected consequences of the inappropriate treatment of a periapical cyst, making the option encapsulating all of these outcomes the most comprehensive choice.